Key to Law Enforcement Database Standards: Global Justice XML Data Model (GJXDM) — An XML-based standard that defines the vocabulary and format for data exchanges among law enforcement databases. All of the databases above now support GJXDM data exchanges. National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) — The NGI, N-DEx and NGA are NIEM-compliant, which means that they meet the information exchange technical standards developed by the DOJ’s Office of Justice Programs and local law enforcement agencies. Based on the GJXDM, NIEM is an updated standard that serves a broader community beyond law enforcement. It promotes cross-domain data sharing, such as exchanges between law enforcement and emergency management. NIEM includes GJXDM as well as other data structures.Source: FBI, DOD and US-VISIT